Parasitic Diode Leakage

Leakage through MOSFET parasitic body diodes.

  • Forward bias diode in power-down

    Analog circuit designer needs to sample a "ready" signal (1), in the digital section.

    The passgate (2) may be turned off. So, a keeper (3) is placed on an inverter input (4).

    The circuit can pass simulation, and could even function in silicon.

    However, the digital section can be turned off. When the digital section is off, there is leakage in the parasitic body diode of the keeper.

    Insight Analyzer reports this as a case of “Domain Leakage”.

    Category Domain Leakage
    Violation "Domain leakage path"
    Details Given Current sink instance
    Retrace path, all steps
    Rail names
    Power states: table & state
    Voltage values
  • Power switch orientation

    A power switch block has been designed in schematic.

    In the upper schematic, connections were swapped. Both the lower level, and the upper level, looked OK.

    There is constant leakage to the “off” supply.

    Insight Analyzer reports multiple violations

    Category Domain Leakage
    Violation “Forward bulk tie”
    Details Given Current sink instance
    Rail names
    Power states: table & state
    Category Power Switches
    Violation “Invalid power switch state”
    Details Given Power switch instance
    Rail names
    Power states: table & state
  • Faulty level shifter

    This level shifter passed through simulation. The output value was apparently functioning.

    However, there will be internal leakage within this cell. Simulation did not catch this condition.

    The level shifter uses inverters as the pull-down legs. The inverters will leak from cross-coupling to the low volt supply.

    The inverters will leak from cross-coupling to the low volt supply.

    Insight Analyzer reports this in multiple ways:

    Category Domain Leakage
    Violation “Domain leakage path”
    Details Given Current sink instance
    Voltage values
    Power states: table & state
    Category Power Switches
    Violation “Missing level shifter”
    (this is not a valid level shifter)
    Details Given Inverter input instance
    Voltage values
    Power states: table & state
  • Back-powering an off section

    A voltage regulator can be turned off by passgate on supply rail.

    A backup supply path is provided, from an alternate source, through a metal option link.

    There is an either / or mode: The regulator can be active, or the alternate source can power its loads.

    A failure exists when:

    • Main supply is completely off.
    • Backup supply is chosen.

    The backup supply is powering into the dead main supply.

    Category Domain Leakage
    Violation “Domain leakage path”
    Details Given Current sink passgate instance
    Leakage path, all steps
    Voltage values
    Power states: table & state
  • Leakage through Test Multiplexer

    A test multiplexer opens up numerous possible cross- domain leakage paths.

    Normal operation will usually guarantee one-hot selection within the multiplexers, ensuring DC paths are not created between sample points.

    However, test multiplexers are often distributed, with scattered decode logic: Risky!

    Insight Analyzer understands decoders, and finds the “needle in haystack” DC sneak paths. Proper decoding is ruled out.

    Category Domain Leakage
    Violation “Domain leakage path”
    Details Given Current sink passgate instance
    Leakage path, all steps
    Voltage values
    Power states: table & state
  • Summary: Parasitic Leakage

    To cover the cases of Parasitic Leakage in this section, the following checks may be used:

    1. Domain Leakage. This is the primary check for all cases described in this section. Generally, it should always be used for this application, as it supports deep path exploration beyond other checks.
    2. Power Switches. This is an optional check that can be run if UPF defines power switch strategies.
    3. Power Connections. This check is mentioned earlier in the section, but is redundant. It would provide duplicate violations for bulk biasing.